: Going ahead of Newton, Einstein and Archimedes ……I breath for this : Newton, Einstein and Archimedes has status of God in science. 2265 years old Archimedes principle, 330 years old Newton’s laws and 110 year old Einstein’s E=Mc2 are taught in all 220 countries of the world. When these all time legends of science propounded the laws , they were absolutely right at that time. But at that time the laws have access to restricted people in regions of origin, also the mathematical and experimental basis was limited. But now even Newton’s and Einstein’s obscure papers are available at click of mouse even in the remotest part of world with internet.
Ajay Sharma of Himachal Pradesh was bold enough to declare the doctrines of Newton , Einstein and Archimedes inadequate, at tender age of 19 as student of BSc. II in 1982 . He not only became laughing and rolling stone but also faced fierce fury of the influential people around him. The situation grew so grave that he was quick to realize that under the prevailing condition he will not be pass BSc. II exams. Then he stopped talking to any body on the topic however he kept working and suggesting various possibilities of the laws silently on paper. Sharma passed BSc. III from Himachal Pradesh University Shimla getting 69% marks and MSc. (Physics) from Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana getting 62% marks in 1985.
In 1985-86 he taught as Lecturer Physics at DAV College Chandigarh. The college management supported him, even then he had to leave the job as permanent position was not found in next session. However Ajay Sharma got much needed permanent position as lecturer Physics in his state Himachal Pradesh in education department, now he expressed more freely and started contacting scientists in Europe and America. Now he is Assistant Director with the state government. Now his 33 years old hard work is coming to surface, critics are turning admirers.
Ajay Sharma was born on 2nd March 1963, in Berthin village in Bilaspur in Himachal Pradesh. His father was a teacher and poet, and mother a housewife who influenced him than body else and encouraged for unique pursuits. It is the reason he overcome all the resistance offered by system in the way and working with zeal and enthusiasm in past 33 years.
Sharma had published 57 articles in international journals, conferences and symposiums, all dealing with Newton, Einstein and Archimedes. He is invited to present his paper in 92 international conferences in abroad , and for only one in India. Sharma had presented his work twice in USA, twice in England, Russia, Germany, Ukraine , Taiwan etc. He had visited and interacted with scientists in 12 countries. Till date he had spent nearly Rupees Twenty Lakhs from purses of his father, wife and family. In 2013, it appears Sharma started getting worldwide recognition when his book Beyond Newton and Archimedes was published. His second book, Beyond Einstein and E=mc2 was published in January 2015. The publisher of book is Victor Reicansky, Cambridge International Publishers , Cambridge , England. The publisher had invested every penny on the books. The books are reprinted by Viva Publishers, New Delhi.
Ajay Sharma met Hon’ble Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr HarshVardhan on 18th June 2015. Hon’ble Minister encouraged him , sent his both books to Professor Ashutosh Sharma Secretary Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi and asked Sharma to contact Secretary. The office of Secretary states that soon Sharma would be called for discussion. Sharma says for first time in past 33 years his work is being appreciated.
Newton’s second law of motion : Was given by Swiss scientist Euler (1775)
It is true Newton may be regarded as father of Physics. But it is also true that the Second Law of motion ( F =ma = mass x acceleration) taught all over the world in 220 countries as Newton’s laws was never given by him. Newton had given the second law in his book the Principia at page no. 19-20, in entirely different form. Newton’s original law is F = (v-u) = change in velocity. This is now abandoned equation, is not used anywhere, and has only ornamental place in Newton’s Principia.
The law which we are teaching as Newton’s second law of motion (F =ma) was given by Swiss scientist Leonhard Euler in 1775 i.e. 48 years after death of Newton. Newton died in 1727. Euler’s paper ( E479, page 223) can be found free of cost at website ( eulerarchive.maa.org) of Mathematical Association of America, Washington. The equation F=ma was clearly written by Euler. F =ma is never written by Newton in any edition (1687, 1713,1726) of the Principia or in other works of Newton.
Ajay Sharma was invited to lecture on this topic at The Euler Society Conference 2014, in Texas USA. The President of Society Professor Robert Bradley, Aldephi University of New York appreciated Sharma’s paper in writing after the conference. Sharma says India is a sovereign country and can teach correct science at school level by introducing reference of Euler in the textbooks.
Newton’s Third law , has a serious flaw : Ignores important factors
The most significant inadequacy of Newton’s Third Law is that it blatantly ignores the nature characteristics , composition, distinctiveness of body including hardness and flexibility etc. The above attributes have no significance in the original definition of Third law of Motion. According to Third law of motion as given in the Principia at page 20…….” To every action there is equal and opposite reaction.’
Thus according to this the action on the bodies of iron, wood, cotton, sponge, air filled artifact and rubber etc. are same, then reaction must also be the same. But reactions are different in all cases. Thus third law leads to contradictory results even in daily life observations. If we throw two balls of rubber of same composition on the wall, then both balls rebound with same speed. Thus action and reaction are equal and Newton’s law is correct in this case. But in case two balls of rubber and cloth ( having same action) are thrown on the wall , then rubber ball rebounds quickly and cloth ball slowly. So the reaction is not same on the rubber ball and cloth ball. Thus in this case third law is not justified, as action is same but not reaction.
Thus Newton’s third law of motion is generalized or modified or extended…. “ to every action there is equal and opposite reaction, but reaction may not be always equal .” In mathematical equations, ‘additional factor’ comes in picture, which account for the characteristics , composition , hardness and flexibility etc. of the body. Thus the generalized law is complete. It can be also be understood in study of one dimensional elastic collisions taught right from 11th class.
2250 years old Archimedes principle ignores the ‘ shape of body’
Archimedes principle states when a body is immersed in liquid (water), then its weight decreases and decrease in weight is equal to weight of water displaced by body. The principle is the oldest principle in science, and was given in 250BC by Archimedes of Syracuse. At present none of original writings of Archimedes survive. When the principle was given at that time , there were neither mathematical equation and experimental results, as we have now.
The mathematical equations were written after 1937 ( 1687+250) years of enunciation of the principle, when Newton gave law of gravitation. For nearly 2000 years the principle was taught without modern mathematical equations and became established law. The acid test for any law is based upon predictions of mathematical equations based on the law. The typical prediction of mathematical equations based on the principle is that when a body, sinks, rises or floats in a fluid (water) then its SHAPE is insignificant. The principle states that only DENSITY of body is significant.
Consider bodies of aluminum of mass 100gm of different shapes e.g. sphere, needle, flat, umbrella shaped, distorted etc. According to the mathematical predictions of the principle , each body ( irrespective of shape) should travel equal distances in equal intervals of time. Contrary to the prediction truth is that sphere falls quickly and umbrella shaped body slowly.
Thus 2265 years old Archimedes principle needs to be generalized. According to the generalized principle, ‘ when a body is immersed in the water then its weight decreases, and decrease in weight is proportional to weight of fluid displaced.” When sign of proportionality is removed then in mathematical equations additional factor comes in picture. This additional factor accounts for shape of body , thus an umbrella shaped body falls slowly than sphere. In mathematical equations based on original principle there is no such factor.
Inadequacy of Einstein’s E=mc2 (equation on which atom which atom bomb is based
E=mc2 is the most significant equation in higher physics implying that mass is converted to energy and vice versa. This equation was given by Einstein in German research journal Annalen der Physics in 1905 Vol. 18, pp. 639-41. Even senior scientists are astonished knowing that Einstein’s this paper was published without peer review i.e. whatever Einstein wrote , was published as such. Realistically Sharma had critically analyzed the paper which should have been done in 1905 i.e. about 110 years ago before its publication. Many limitations of the derivation are pointed out. Consequently Sharma had extended equation as dE=Ac2dm, where A is coefficient of proportionality. The energy predicted by new equation can be less, equal or more than predicted by Einstein’s equation E=mc2. This E=mc2 is special case of dE=Ac2dm.
Now let us understand the limitations of mathematical derivation of E=mc2 practically. Einstein had considered a luminous body , but emitting just two waves of energy in exactly opposite directions. The energy of two waves is precisely equal. The waves are emitted at angles 0and 180. These are extremely special or tailor made conditions which Einstein had taken. Like this Einstein obtained equation L =mc2 or Light energy emitted = mass lost.c2 This equation implies that
“When candle burns and gives heat and light energy its mass decreases.”
This is the basis of atom bomb , and indeed correct conclusion.
But the limitations of Einstein’s derivation are not far behind. The luminous body can emit more than two or numerous light waves ( Einstein considered just two light waves). The energies of light waves can be different ( Einstein assumed equal energies) . The light waves can be emitted at numerous angles, (Einstein assumed only two angles i.e. 0 and 180). If calculations are done under all conditions (Einstein did under hand picked conditions) , then mathematically results contradictory to law of conservation of matter are obtained. For example
“ When candle burns, emits light and heat energies then its mass must increase.”
Practically it means if a candle is burned on Diwali, then it will keep emitting light and heat energies till Holi and beyond and its mass must increase. So mass and energy are created out of nothing.
This is blatantly inconsistent result by all means as mass and energy are never created out of nothing.
In September 1905 paper Einstein derived light energy –mass equation L =mc2. Then without any scientific , mathematical and logical basis Einstein speculated E=mc2 ( for energy possible energy of the universe) from L=mc2 . None of the scientists of the world even Einstein’s stanch supported can not justify this, thus they choose to remain silent and ignorant of the issues raised by Sharma. Had Einstein’s paper been critically analyzed by an expert in 1905, then it would have not been published or had different form. Sharma has critically analyzed Einstein’s paper which should have been done 110 years ago. Thus Sharma had given a generalized new equation as dE=Ac2dm, and given many applications which would shake basis of existing physics. In June -July 2015, Sharma had presented this paper in Bauman State Technical University Moscow and People’s Friendship University , Moscow Russia.
The derivation of Einstein’s rest mass energy (e=mc2) : Input without output.
Einstein’s rest mass energy (e=mc2) is used extensively in Physics. It was derived by Einstein in journal Annalen der Physik at page 371- 384 in 1907. Many standard books quote the derivation right from college level.
In the derivation Einstein initially assumed that body moves with slow (classical) velocity. Then he assumed the velocity of body increases and becomes comparable to that of light (3×108 m/s). Thus relativistic results are unavoidable and applicable at this velocity. Like this Einstein reached at 10th equation. Now he applies the condition , let body is at rest (does not move, means first equation is zero), then Einstein obtained e=mc2 from mathematical equations.
But here the biggest conceptual mistake committed by Einstein is application of condition that when body is at rest , then first equation is zero ( initially Einstein assumed that body is moving). Then rest of the equations ( say 2nd to 10th ) are non-existent i.e. does not exist or not defined. Then how condition is applied to non-existent or undefined equation ( 10th here) to get non-zero result e=mc2. It is illogical. There is no instance experimental or theoretical that we get ‘output’ without ‘input’. Thus everything is meaningless.
It can be understood on the basis of analogous physical example. Let a 10 storeyed building is constructed raising sound foundation and first floor. Then assume that first floor of the building is demolished ( as Einstein assumes let body is at rest, and first equation is zero). Can remaining 9 floors hang in air ( as Einstein obtained e=mc2 applying condition let body is at rest and first equation is zero)? No. Einstein’s explanation is illogical in this case.
The history speaks loudly that Einstein’s work was published without peer review in German journal may be due to reason that articles were in short supply at that point of time. Sharma is doing so after 110 years. If by improving the works of Newton, Einstein and Archimedes in 21st century , new and generalized equations are given then science becomes more beautiful and useful. Then intellectuals working in other fields will follow the suit.
There is no one original contributor in science …..basically science is lighting one lamp from other. Ajay Sharma request Hon’ble Prime Minister Sh. Narinder Modi and Hon’ble Minister of Science and Technology, Dr Harsh Vardhan to personally look into the matter and this work can make India Super Power in fundamental laws of science. This work is already published in Europe and America so we need to elaborate it for Indian pride.
Ajay Sharma
Assistant Director
Education
Shimla 171001
Email [email protected]
Mobile 0 94184 50899
Phone & Fax (res.) 0177 280 4546
